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Snl video shorts6/11/2023 Taccone also has produced music for the shorts as necessary, along with his brother, Asa.įollowing the departure of Samberg from SNL in 2012, it was speculated that the era of videos branded "An SNL Digital Short" had come to an end. Schaffer has directed a majority of them, with Taccone as occasional director or co-director. The shorts generally took fewer than five days to complete. It is typical for the show's hosts and musical guests to take part in that week's Digital Short (the latter on rarer occasions), and several shorts have included appearances by celebrities who were not scheduled to appear in any of that episode's live sketches. The popularity of these segments exploded following the addition of The Lonely Island ( Jorma Taccone, Akiva Schaffer, and Andy Samberg) to the show, and it is to them that credit is given for ushering SNL "into the age of digital online content in a time when it needed to tap into that relevance more than ever." The Lonely Island's digital shorts were originally recorded with consumer grade digital video cameras and edited on personal computers. The origin of the Digital Short brand is credited to staff writer Adam McKay, who created content for the show in collaboration with SNL hosts, writers, and cast members. The opening title that appears before most shorts.Īn SNL Digital Short is one in a series of comedic and often musical video shorts created for NBC's Saturday Night Live.
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Subnautica below zero diamond location6/11/2023 From your lifepod, head over to the Twisty Bridges found directly to your South. It’s an easy one to find, and chances are you’ve even stumbled across it already. If you don’t have the Prawn Suit required to mine the large diamond deposits, or you like your diamonds with a side of death, you can go to the Deep Twisty Bridges biome. Better yet, you won’t have to brave the dangers of the other biomes that contain diamonds.Īlso Read: Where To Find Nickel Ore Braving dangerous depths for diamonds Despite the heat, you can quickly fetch a couple dozen diamonds in minutes, which will give you more than enough to craft a few important pieces of equipment. Bringing a Gravity Trap can be helpful to grab them without getting hurt, but keep in mind that the geysers can damage your device as well as you. In these little caves is a trove of diamonds and other resources, though you’re likely to get burned getting them. Along the way should be two small crevices that lead down to lava geysers. If the Koppa Mining Site doesn’t cut it for you, head back outside and go back towards Delta Island Dock. You can return to the Koppa Mining Site once you’ve built the Prawn Suit to harvest the large diamond deposits, if you need a few more down the line. There are also a few Prawn Suit fragments down there, so be sure to scan them as well. Diamond can be found readily throughout the entirety of the mine, so grab what you need and head back to the Seatruck for air when necessary. Once you’ve parked your Seatruck at the entrance to the Koppa Mining Site, you can head on inside and down the shaft in the center. You should probably bring a Seatruck, though – air is quite sparse in the mine.Īlso Read: How To Build The Cyclops In Subnautica Koppa Mining Site If you start from the Delta Island Dock and follow the Western coast about halfway down the island, you should find it quite easily, being just after the second lava geyser crevice. This site can be found below Delta Island, with the entrance being located on the island’s West side. If you want to get your hands on easy diamonds, your first port of call should be the Koppa Mining Site. The downside is, very few places are safe. They’re also a component of the Modification Station for your Seabase, which can be used to upgrade weapons and equipment.There’s a load of places and biomes in Subnautica Below Zero that can offer you a veritable hoard of diamonds. With diamonds, you can reinforce your dive suit, as well as craft highly useful tools like the Laser Cutter or the Drill Arm for the Prawn Suit. This is a good place to look for early game diamonds, since you don’t have to go anywhere especially dangerous. Look for the half-open entrance to the mines, and you should find 3-4 diamonds hanging out nearby. If you don’t want to subject yourself to the crushing darkness of the ocean depths, you can also find a deposit of diamonds in the Koppa Mining Site. Watch out, though the deeper you go, the freakier and more aggressive the local plants and animals tend to become. Large quantities of diamonds can be found around the seafloor below 200m depth, so you can either use an air truck or construct air pipes to sustain yourself down there. Where to Find Diamonds in Subnautica: Below ZeroĪssuming deep diving is an option, one of the best places to look for diamonds is at the Deep Twisty Bridges, close to the starting biome. If you’ve got the equipment to support yourself, you’ll need to check down at least 200m deep. Naturally-occurring diamond deposits usually appear at extreme depths, since you obviously need tremendous water pressure to harden rocks into diamonds. Or, rather, they all house the potential of diamonds. Arctic Spires, Deep Twisty Bridges, Crystal Caves, Tree Spires, and more all house diamonds. The good news is that diamonds can be found in just about any biome in the game. Here’s where to find diamonds in Subnautica: Below Zero. If you can get some diamonds in Subnautica: Below Zero, you can make all kinds of cool stuff. It makes sense diamonds are nearly impervious to all physical damage, and also make fantastic conductors in certain kinds of machinery. You name me a crafting survival game, and there’s a solid chance diamond or some manner of diamond-adjacent material is a highly coveted resource.
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Firefox for mac 10.6.66/10/2023 Improves DVD Player performance and reliability. Improves the performance and reliability of Chess. See this website for more information.Īddresses inaccuracies with Calculator when the Mac OS X language is set to German or Swiss German. Improves compatibility with web proxy servers. Improves Time Machine reliability with Time Capsule. Resolves an issue that prevented adding allowed websites from Safari via drag and drop.įixes issues that could cause Time Machine to state the backup volume could not be found. Improves printing for USB-based Brother and Canon printers.Īddresses an issue in which a parentally-controlled account could be unable to access the iTunes Store. Improves printing for the Adobe CS3 application suite. Updates the ssh Terminal command for compatibility with more ssh servers. Improves reliability and performance for AT&T 3G cards. Improves the performance and reliability of TCP connections. Important: If you are using Mac OS X 10.5.6 (client) to connect to a Mac OS X Server 10.4-based server, it is strongly recommended that you update the server to Mac OS X Server version 10.4.11. Improves Apple File Service performance, especially when using a home directory hosted on an AFP server. Improves reliability when printing PDF attachments.Ĭontacts, calendars, and bookmarks on a Mac automatically sync within a minute of the change being made on the computer, another device, or the web at me.com. Includes overall performance and reliability fixes.įixes an issue that could cause messages identified as junk to remain in the inbox.įixes an issue that could cause Mail to append a character to the file extension of an attachment.Īddresses an issue that could prevent Mail from quitting. Includes fixes for possible graphics distortion issues with certain ATI graphics cards. Includes graphics improvements for iChat, Cover Flow, Aperture, and iTunes. Includes general improvements to gaming performance. Resolves an issue in which pasting text from a Microsoft Office document could insert an image rather than text. Setting your iChat status to "invisible" via AppleScript no longer logs you out of iChat. Improves reliability of synchronizing files on a portable home directory.įixes an issue in Mac OS X 10.5.4 and 10.5.5 in which managed users may not see printers that use the Generic PPD.Ĭlient computers that use UUID-based ByHost preferences now respect managed Screen Saver settings.Īddresses an issue that could cause an encryption alert to appear in the chat window. Improves the reliability of AirPort connections, including improvements when roaming in large wireless networks with an Intel-based Mac. Improves reliability of Address Book syncing with iPhone and other devices and applications. If you are not satisfied with the current Firefox version, or it simply is not working right now, there are alternative browsers that you can use to browse the web.(Please note: All the features were from the Apple Support site). Use the latest version of another browser. For more information, see the article Switch to Firefox Extended Support Release (ESR) for personal use. Firefox ESR does not come with the latest features, but it does have the latest security and stability fixes. Firefox Extended Support Release (ESR) is an official version of Firefox developed for large organizations, such as universities and businesses, but it can also be used for personal computers. Install Firefox Extended Support Release. Instead of downgrading to an older, insecure version of Firefox and changing your update settings, you should consider these alternatives: In the General panel, go to the Firefox Updates section. Click the menu button and select Settings. To prevent Firefox from automatically updating itself after you install an older version, you'll need to change your Firefox update settings: In the Menu bar at the top of the screen, click Firefox and select Preferences. Important: By default, Firefox is set for automatic updates. Fix problems connecting to websites after updating Firefox.How to fix the Update Failed error message when updating Firefox.In most cases, installing a previous version will not help. Problems with an update are usually not caused by the new version of Firefox, but rather the update process. Installing a previous version doesn't fix most problems Rather than downgrading, try getting used to the new features or ask a question on the support forum, to see if there is a workaround or a way to restore the old behavior without downgrading Firefox. If you dislike new features in the latest version of Firefox, your first reaction might be to go back to the previous version. Unwanted features in the new Firefox version 3 I still want to downgrade - where can I get the previous version?.2 Installing a previous version doesn't fix most problems.1 Unwanted features in the new Firefox version.
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Daredevil season 1 finale recap booku6/10/2023 Speaking of the Punisher, we see him enter a pawn shop. Yeah, I think that nickname is going to stick. The assistant DA says that the police profilers are calling the shooter the Punisher. He’s not fond of that, saying Brass is a bad dude and he’d be as good as dead.The DAs point out how little leverage Grotto has, because the vigilante has been tying up all loose ends, so to speak. Unfortunately, the DA wants more info than Grotto has, and they want him to wear a wire to meet with an Edgar Brass. Foggy threatens to call the feds and deal with them directly, which buys them some time. The meeting between Foggy, Karen and the DA’s office is a little testy, to say the least. Not going to be doing much crimefighting like that. What does a concussion do to Matt? Nothing good, it appears, as his senses are all out of whack. Related Story: Daredevil Season 2, episode 1 recap: Bang Brett also says that the DA thinks the shooter is an independent vigilante, and he also raises the spectre of the guy being inspired by the Devil of Hell’s Kitchen. He advises them to take any witness protection deal offered by the DA and talks about “what Clemons used to say,” a nod to the late detective seen on Jessica Jones. Foggy confronts Grotto over the fact that it’s just one guy, but he - plausibly - says he just couldn’t believe it, mentioning that “every hit was like Seal Team 6.”īrett stops in and asks Foggy and Karen to step outside. Grotto is still plenty nervous at the police station, but he’s impressed at how Karen is holding up. He can’t win that battle, but he does make some headway by telling Matt to trust him to do his job. The two friends argue about Matt’s desire to go back after the shooter, with Foggy attempting to get him to stop being Daredevil. He’s remarkably nonchalant about getting shot in the head, saying he should have heard the gun while noting that the guy was fast, trained. Gunshot wounds will do that to you.īack at Matt’s apartment, he comes to and asks for aspirin. He finds Daredevil slumped over and seemingly in shock. He tells her not to let anyone talk to Grotto.įoggy hears reports of gunshots on the rooftop of a nearby building and nervously sprints to the roof. And with that, let’s get into “Dogs To A Gunfight.” Daredevil Season 2, episode 2 recap: Dogs To A GunfightĪs the cops investigate the hospital crime scene, Foggy is on the phone with Karen, explaining that he hasn’t seen Matt since the previous night. If you know comics, you already realize who the new player is and why he’s so dangerous. What can’t be taken for granted is Matt’s ability to stop the gunman without one hell of a fight. That’s probably a pretty safe assumption considering there are still 12 more Season 2 episodes to go. Hopefully this isn’t the shortest superhero TV series ever.Īfter finding out firsthand just how deadly the new man tearing a bloody swath through the Hell’s Kitchen underworld can be, Daredevil is going to have to regroup, assuming he’s still alive. By Nick Tylwalk 7 years ago The new problem in Matt Murdock’s life gets a familiar name in Daredevil Season 2, episode 2.
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Battery backup for home6/10/2023 Regardless, you'll need to hire a professional for either type of installation, both of which will require a full day of work and may cost several thousand dollars.Īside from setting up the device itself, installing a generator also requires pouring a concrete slab, connecting the generator to a dedicated fuel source and installing a transfer switch. Installationīattery backups earn a slight edge in this category since they can be mounted to the wall or floor, whereas generator installations require a bit of additional work. The specific costs will depend on a few factors, including the size of your generator, which type of fuel it uses and the amount of fuel used to run it. However, remember that generators require fuel to run, which will increase your operating expenses. On average, the price of purchasing and installing a standby generator can range from $7,000 to $15,000. We would then be able to match Solar panels to the above inverter battery systems.For generators, the upfront costs are slightly lower. 5.00 kw nominal kits c/w 12 x full size panels and all equipment needed to complete self installation projectĪll we would require from you is the roof type and size, so that we can match the fixing kit applicable.4.00 kw nominal kits c/w 10 x full size panels and all equipment needed to complete self installation project.3.68 kw nominal kits c/w 8 x full size panels and all equipment needed to complete self installation project.SELF INSTALLATION ON ROOF KITS: (c/w all equipment needed below)Ģ.4kw nominal kit c/w 6 full size panels + fixing kit + Huawei hybrid inverter + 5kwh lithium battery + all equipment neededģ.2kw nominal kit c/w 8 full size panels + fixing kit + Huawei hybrid inverter + 5kwh lithium battery + all equipment neededĤkw nominal kit c/w 10 full size panels + fixing kit + Huawei hybrid inverter + 5kwh lithium battery + all equipment neededĤ.8kw nominal kit c/w 12 full size panels + fixing kit + Huawei hybrid inverter + 5kwh lithium battery + all equipment neededĬreate your own solar panel system – Price List If you require an on roof solar panels and fixing kit to go with this Huawei inverter and battery pack. If you want a complete Huawei solar PV self installation battery storage kit, thenĬlick on this link for prices 4kw Battery backup kits Check out the retro fit kits in drop down menu. DURING 2023 we will offer this Huawie product at reduced prices, while stocks last. To make a purchase, select from the drop-down cart below: 3.68kw inverters and 5kwh batteries are only being sold as a combined package. NOTE! Ac mains powered equipment must only be connected by suitably qualified electrical engineers. This is a flexible system that allows additional 5kwh battery packs to be added as needed in the future to create a maximum > 30kwh storage bank | Data sheet battery pack | Data sheet hybrid inverter | installation guide If you require a system to work when mains power supplies go down, add the ESS backup box in drop down menu, for power outages using the stored energy in battery for emergency purposes. Each 4kw lithium battery pack stores excess energy. 3, 6, 9, 12 panel flat surface fixing kitĤkw household hybrid inverter + 5kwh li battery system with 10 years warranty.
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Instagram social questions and answers6/10/2023 Instagram isn’t the first platform to come up with a Q&A service. Most people will pose the default Ask me a question to their audience of friends, who then reply with inside jokes, or generic questions like “How tall are you?” or “Why are you so cool lol?” The user will then post responses to these uninteresting questions in individual slides, encouraging you to tap through pages and pages of mediocre material. Jamie Kelly July 12, 2018īut it isn’t the Questions feature itself that’s so bad what’s most obnoxious is the way many people use it. Normal people thinking they’re celebrities with that ‘ask me a question’ on instagram is peak cringe. “My friends and I myself were confused about this at first,” says Josephine, a 15-year-old in New York-one of several teens I interviewed to learn more about user behavior related to Questions (all of whom asked to be identified by their first name only). “If you’re thinking about using the ask me a question feature on Instagram … don’t,” suggested one woman.Īlso, unlike many question-based apps before it, the Instagram Questions feature is not anonymous-something many people have been forced to learn the hard way. “This ‘ask me a question’ thing might actually make me delete Instagram,” one user tweeted on Friday. The outrage about the spamminess of it has peaked on social media. Users have become so frustrated by endless feeds of questions that some report they’ve blocked their own friends and family. Some, like Andy Cohen or Busy Philipps, take time to host mini-AMAs while they’re bored or when they want to engage directly with fans.īut for many users, the feature has overrun their Stories feed with boring content and pointless answers. For the celebrities you might follow, it can be interesting. In the week since it launched, people have seen their Stories feeds dominated by questions. Their responses are catalogued on a separate screen where you can click to share each one publicly with your response. Once the Questions sticker is posted, followers can respond. The new feature works like this: You post a Questions sticker to your Story, and the sticker auto-populates with the phrase Ask me a question. The release unleashed a wave of backlash and has been blamed for ending friendships, spamming users, and causing mass unfollows. Last week, Instagram rolled out Questions, one of its most controversial features yet.
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Fakirlik cloudapp6/10/2023 You don’t want to sit in front of your computer, select one hundred files and move them to a particular folder. Would it not be easier if you could click one button and got the job done for you?Īccording to Harvard Business Review, from a technical standpoint, work that occupies 45% of employee time could be automated by adapting currently available or demonstrated technology. And for 60% of existing US jobs, 30% of their time could be reduced by automation.Īutomating your Mac can certainly save you a lot of time. Unlike what you think, you will be hours per week in keeping your Mac more organized and accessible. I, for one, spend several minutes a day in decluttering my desktop and arranging my files. So, that’s a win-win situation, I believe. Imagine typing two letters to paste the letter template you attach with an email. You would not write something random because of the laziness to write the whole thing. And, you’d feel like a nerd when your desktop smartly organizes itself in a single tap. Last but not least, automation is not just about maintaining your file system, but also about automating tasks to free up your time and attention. #Display maestro alternativa para windows free The value of freeing up time and attention for things that actually matter can’t be overstated. Yes, macOS has had a built-in automation solution for a long time. It’s aptly called Automator.Īutomator allows you to create workflows, where you can add individual actions. For instance, one of these workflows may include actions to copy a file, rename it and save it with another extension. Now, any file to go through the workflow would be changed accordingly. I would not say Automator is bad, but it’s not the most usable automation solution for Mac. If you are not a Pro user, you may have trouble in setting up workflows and applications while using this utility.Īt TheSweetBits, we believe in software that is easy to use. #Display maestro alternativa para windows pro There is no difference in the case of AppleScript either. Both of them are capable, but only when you have time. So, what would you do when you want easy automation in Mac?Įnter third-party automation tools for macOS. Unfortunately, you cannot find the ultimate third-party automation app for macOS. #Display maestro alternativa para windows free.#Display maestro alternativa para windows pro.#Display maestro alternativa para windows full.#Display maestro alternativa para windows mac os x.The following example uses one of the cmdlets to view the details of a managed cluster. The specific cmdlets supported for managed clusters are named AzServiceFabricManagedCluster* that you can reference on the Az.ServiceFabric PowerShell Module documentation. Using the Azure Service Fabric PowerShell ModuleĪzure Service Fabric Module enables you to do operations like creating a managed cluster, scaling a node type, and viewing managed cluster resource information. ServerCertThumbprint $serverThumbprint ` $connectionEndpoint = ".com:19000"Ĭonnect-ServiceFabricCluster -ConnectionEndpoint $connectionEndpoint -KeepAliveIntervalInSec 10 ` With the cluster certificate thumbprint, you're ready to connect to your cluster. $serverThumbprint = (Get-AzResource -ResourceId /subscriptions/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000/resourceGroups/myResourceGroup/providers/Microsoft.ServiceFabric/managedclusters/mysfcluster).Properties.clusterCertificateThumbprints The following command can be used to query your cluster resource for the cluster certificate thumbprint. You can find this value in the cluster properties output of your resource deployment or by querying the cluster properties on an existing resource. To use this module you'll need the cluster certificate thumbprint. Using the Service Fabric PowerShell Module Install Azure PowerShell 4.7.0 (or later). Install the Service Fabric SDK and PowerShell module. The following PowerShell Modules are available to connect, view, and modify configurations for your cluster. Locate the SF Explorer located in the upper right, example: To navigate to SFX for your managed cluster Service Fabric Explorer (SFX) is an application for inspecting and managing application and cluster health of a Microsoft Azure Service Fabric cluster. For more information see the cluster configuration options available. In this experience you can view and modify certain parameters. Navigate to your cluster resource by searching for Service Fabric and selecting "Service Fabric managed clusters" Navigate to your managed cluster resource by Once you have deployed a cluster via Portal, Azure Resource Managed template, or PowerShell there are various ways to connect to and view your managed cluster.
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Wctv image viewer6/10/2023 Apart from the image viewing, it also has a few extra tools. IrfanView is optimized to perform better and has a footprint of only 2MB. The software is pretty light, intuitive and supports a large graphics file format base. It is named after the creator Irfan Sklijan and is free to use. IrfanView is one of the most popular third-party image viewing apps and it is even our pick for the best photo viewer for Windows 10. It supports pretty much every file type under the sun.įormat: JPG, GIF, BMP, TIFF, WEBP, and 72+ image formats.ĭownload ImageGlass: Windows 10 4. So every time I choose to edit a PSD, it will open in Photoshop only. For instance, I can link PSDs to Photoshop. You can link different image editors to different file formats. Something so simple and useful but still lacking in Windows Photo. ImageGlass lets you view a slideshow of all the images saved in a folder. But what really stands out is the modern UI of the tool compared to other photo view apps. ImageGlass is another minimal photo viewer for Windows 10. Ease of usability and resemblance to the windows photo viewerĭownload Honeyview: Windows 10 3.You can bookmark images for future references. Editing can be done by attaching a link to either Photoshop or Paint. It allows you to rotate images and perform basic resizing with it. It’s almost similar to Windows Photos Viewer in functionality and features, however, it supports a couple of extra image formats like PNG, GIF, etc. HoneyView is the most basic third-party image viewer for Windows 10. And if you wish to deactivate it, just run the ‘Deactivate Windows Photo Viewer on Windows 10’ file and restart your system Next, restart your computer and your beloved Windows photo Viewer should be back.Extract and double click on the “ Activate Windows Photo Viewer on Windows 10” file.Download these registry files for the Windows photo viewer.If you have installed Windows 10 from scratch, you need to follow these steps to activate it: If you have upgraded from a previous version to Windows 10, you would see the Windows Photo Viewer directly in the Default Apps menu under Settings. How to get Windows Photo Viewer back in Windows 10 I wouldn’t recommend manually editing them and hence you should download the. However, in order to make it work, you would have to tweak the registry keys. But, the developers still haven’t removed it from the system and it’s still accessible within the files. Coming to Windows 10, Microsoft universally replaced it with its updated version Photos. Formerly, it was known as Windows Picture and Fax Viewer and later renamed to Windows Photo Viewer. Windows Photo Viewer has been a part of the Windows family since Windows XP. Now you can select any Photo viewer as your default image viewer. To do that on Windows 10, head over to the search bar and type Default. Next, go to Default Apps Settings > Photos. You also have to make it your default Photo viewer app. Just a heads up, installing a third-party photo viewer app isn’t going to be enough. So, here goes my list for the best photo viewer for Windows 10. All in all, there are much better alternatives out there that just trump Microsoft Photos. Having said that, it does have few editing tools which work great but it’s seldom preferred anyway. Plus, it can only handle JPEGs and RAW images, but it has no clue what’s a PSD. You double click an image and it takes its own sweet time to load. The new Windows Photo viewer has its own woes.
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Point measure correlation6/10/2023 ( 2015) named the two dimensions (a) Job-search self-efficacy behaviour (JSSE-B) and (b) Job-search self-efficacy outcomes (JSSE-O). The JSSE scale is a 20-item measure, composed of two dimensions that tap important aspects of the job search beliefs and outcomes. ( 2015) organised the various measures and integrated them into a single measure, the Job-Search Self-Efficacy (JSSE) scale. To address the proliferation of job search self-efficacy measures in the job search literature in order to offer opportunities for the comparison of research results across studies, Saks et al. Despite this, the measurement of job search self-efficacy has been somewhat diverse with various researchers developing and using their own measure to assess the construct (see Caplan, Vinokur, Price, & van Ryn, 1989 Ellis & Taylor, 1983 Wanberg, Zhang, & Diehn, 2010 van Hoye, Van Hooft, Stremersch, & Lievens, 2019). Job search self-efficacy is defined as the confidence in one’s ability to successfully search for jobs and to gain employment, and has long been found to be the most proximal determinant of employment among job seekers (Eden & Aviram, 1993 Kanfer & Hulin, 1985 Kanfer, Wanberg, & Kantrowitz, 2001 Saks & Ashforth, 1999). doi:10.Self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1997) has provided a crucial framework for understanding job search beliefs and effort for 30-odd years (see Kim, Kim, & Lee, 2019 Saks, Zikic, & Koen, 2015). “Determining the Significance of Associations between Two Series of Discrete Events : Bootstrap Methods”. Freeman (2007), On the association between northward turnings of the interplanetary magnetic field and substorm onsets, Geophys. (1992), Time association between series of geophysical events, Phys. (1955), Some statistical methods connected with series of events, J. (1976), Measuring the association of point processes: A case history, Am. Performing this bootstrapping procedure K times allows us to model the sampling variation in n(u, h).Ī further treatment of assessing confidence intervals using bootstrapping techniques is given by Niehof and Morley, but the above should work for two series of neuronal spike trains (or similar simple system). Repeating this for every lag u, we construct a bootstrap estimate of the association number with lag n*(u, h). Summing these N randomly-sampled associations gives a bootstrap estimate of the association number for given u, h. Using this set of individual associations, we can construct a new series, c*$_i$, by drawing with replacement a random selection of N individual associations. we see that n(u, h) is a summation of the N individual associations c$_i$ for given u, h. The approach taken by Morley and Freeman was to instead resample from the individual association numbers. When taking this approach it's important to understand the system as resampling the series $A$ and $B$ may not work without applying, say, a moving block bootstrap to preserve correlations in the spike trains. If neither series is Poisson then a bootstrapping approach can be used to estimate confidence intervals. are therefore indicative of a significant association between the event sequences at certain lags. Where $p_A$ and $p_B$ are the mean intensities of series $A$ and $B$, given by $p_A = N/T$, where $N$ is the number of events in $A$ (similar for $B$). If those assumptions are met then 95% confidence intervals on the cross-product density can be estimated by Correlations at different time lags can then be seen by inspecting the cross-product density for departures from 1 (if the processes are independent the cross-product density should be 1, which is expected at large lags for most physical processes).Īssessing the significance of these departures can be addressed in a number of different ways, but many assume that at least one of the processes is Poisson. If we normalize by $2hT$, where $T$ is the length of the interval from which our samples were drawn, then we get an estimate of the cross-product density. If series $A$ and $B$ are uncorrelated then the association number will fluctuate, as a function of lag, due to sampling variations, but will have a stable mean. This is generally calculated for a range of time lags, $u$, such that we get $n(u,h=const)$ ]. The individual association number, $c$, is then the number of events in series $B$ that fall within a given window, and $n$ is then defined as To calculate $n$ a window of half-width $h$ is defined around each time in series $A$. The simplest measure of association between two temporal point processes (let's call them $A$ and $B$) is probably the association number, $n$. One of the early, seminal works on point processes is that of Cox. A good introduction to measuring correlations between point processes, as applied to neuronal spike trains, is given by Brillinger. A series of event times is a type of point process.
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